Application of Network-Based PBL Model Combined with Role-Playing Method in Geriatric Nursing Teaching.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of using a combination of problem-based learning (PBL) and role-playing methods in geriatric nursing education through online networks. Methods: The research objects of this paper were selected from nursing students, and the number of participants was 200. The research objects were selected from March 2019 to September 2021. The learning situation and related data of the above students were retrospectively analyzed. According to the teaching methods, the students were divided into groups. The students who received traditional teaching methods were included in the control group, with a total of 100 participants. The students who received network-based PBL mode combined with role-playing teaching were included in the observation group, with a total of 100 participants. The assessment results and learning effect evaluation of the two groups of students were compared, and the level of learning engagement and changes in critical thinking between the groups were compared. Results: The scores of basic theoretical knowledge, clinical practice skills, and clinical case analysis of students in the observation group were higher than those of the control group (P < .001). The evaluation index of nursing students' learning effects was analyzed. The proportions of enhancing teacher-student interaction, improving team cooperation ability, improving autonomous learning ability and learning interest, improving analysis and problem-solving ability, improving theory combined with practice ability, improving communication and expression ability, improving work self-confidence, improving knowledge and vision, improving literature retrieval and evaluation ability in the observation group were higher than that in the control group (P < .001). After the teaching work, the overall learning input score, cognitive input score, behavior input score, emotional input score, learning harvest score, and learning satisfaction score of students in the observation group were higher than those of the control group (P < .001). After teaching, the scores of finding the truth, open mind, analytical ability, systematic ability, critical thinking self-confidence, curiosity and cognitive maturity of the students in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P < .001). Conclusion: The combined application of network-based PBL mode and role-playing method can significantly improve the teaching effects of geriatric nursing, with popularization value.

[Application and research progress of artificial intelligence technology in trauma treatment].

Objective: To review the application and research progress of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in trauma treatment. Methods: The recent research literature on the application of AI and related technologies in trauma treatment was reviewed and summarized in terms of prehospital assistance, in-hospital emergency care, and post-traumatic stress disorder risk regression prediction, meanwhile, the development trend of AI technology in trauma treatment were outlooked. Results: The AI technology can rapidly analyze and manage large amount of clinical data to help doctors identify patients' situation of trauma and predict the risk of possible complications more accurately. The application of AI technology in surgical assistance and robotic operations can achieve precise surgical plan and treatment, reduce surgical risks, and shorten the operation time, so as to improve the efficiency and long-term effectiveness of the trauma treatment. Conclusion: There is a promising future for the application of AI technology in the trauma treatment. However, it is still in the stage of exploration and development, and there are many difficulties of historical data bias, application condition limitations, as well as ethical and moral issues need to be solved.

Preparation and Application of Polyrotaxane Cross-Linking Agent Based on Cyclodextrin in Gel Materials Field.

The cross-linking point of a conventional chemical cross-linking agent is fixed. Therefore, gels that are prepared with a conventional cross-linking agent have poor deformability, strength, shear resistance, and further properties. Some researchers have prepared a new cross-linking agent using cyclodextrin (CD). In a polyrotaxane cross-linking agent, the cross-linking points can slide freely along the molecule chain. The special "slide ring" structure can provide better elongation, strength, and other properties to gels, which can effectively expand the application of the gel's materials. This paper summarizes the preparation methods and applications from different types of CD and compares the improvements of properties (swelling, viscoelastic properties, etc.). In addition, the current results of our group are presented, and some ideas are provided for the development of polyrotaxane cross-linking agents.

Preparation and Degradation Performance Study of P(AM/GG/PEGDA) Nanocomposite Self-Degradation Gel Plugging Material.

Lost circulation is a world-class problem, and the contradiction between plugging and unplugging in reservoirs is a problem that needs to be solved urgently. The traditional LCM is not suitable for reservoirs and the complex subsequent operations. Currently, a self-degrading plugging material is proposed. In this paper, a new self-degradation plugging material, CKS-DPPG, was prepared by AM, GG, nano silica, and PEGDA. The effects of reactant concentration, pH, mineralization, etc., on the swelling and degradation performance of CKS-DPPG were investigated. The plugging capacity was tested by fracture plugging equipment, and the mechanism of self-degradation was revealed. The results show that the CKS-DPPG reached a 50% degradation rate in 54 h and complete degradation in 106 h at 80 °C and pH = 8. Low temperatures, high mineralization, and weak alkaline conditions prolong the complete degradation time of CKS-DPPG, which facilitates subsequent operations. The simulation of the 3 mm opening fracture plugging experiment showed that the pressure-bearing capacity reached 6.85 MPa and that a 0.16 MPa pressure difference could unplug after degradation. The ester bond of PEGDA is hydrolyzed under high-temperature conditions, and the spatial three-dimensional structure of CKS-DPPG becomes linear. The CKS-DPPG can effectively reduce subsequent unplugging operations and lower production costs.

Effects of Relative Positions of Defect to Inclusion on Nanocomposite Strength.

It is generally accepted that material inhomogeneity causes stress concentrations at the interface and thus reduces the overall strength of a composite. To overcome this reduction in strength, some groups experimented on coating the nanoinclusions with a layer of rubbery material, aiming for higher energy absorption. However, representative volume element (RVE) nanocomposite models, established with randomly distributed core-shell nanoparticles and single nanoparticle cells, show that the enhancement in strength observed in some experiments remains elusive computationally. By including a pre-existing crack in the matrix of the RVE, the stress concentration at the crack tip is reduced for cases where the nanoparticle and precrack are aligned away from the loading direction. This suggests that stress concentrations around inherent defects in materials can sometimes be reduced by adding nanoparticles to improve material strength. The effect is reversed if the crack and nanoparticle are aligned towards the loading direction. Parametric studies were also carried out in terms of the relative stiffness of the nanoparticle to the matrix and crack length. Validation tests were performed on 3D RVEs with an elliptical crack as the initial defect, and the results match with the 2D findings.

Effect of different forms and components of EPS on sludge aggregation during granulation process of aerobic granular sludge.

The characteristics of three forms of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and their component proteins (PN) and polysaccharides (PS) during the granulation process of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) and their effects on the aggregation performance of AGS were studied. Meanwhile, Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to explore the correlations between different forms of EPS and their components and sludge properties in the granulation process. The results showed that the AGS reactor could be started within 40 days by using the strategy of decreasing sedimentation time, and the sludge granulation degree was 90.22%. It was found that the content of tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) accounted for 72.81-93.11% of the total EPS. Compared with dissolved EPS (S-EPS) and loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS), TB-EPS had a great impact on the zeta potential and hydrophobicity of sludge surface. During the granulation process, the content and relative hydrophobicity of PN in TB-EPS increased from 30.38 ± 0.12 mg/g VSS to 83.99 ± 2.05 mg/g VSS and 37.63%-71.25%, respectively. Through the flocculation experiment, it showed that the contribution rate of TB-EPS to the flocculation capacity of sludge cells increased from 13.30% to 35.37% and that of PN to flocculation capacity was 76.93%, which was 6.8 times that of PS. It indicated that TB-EPS played the most critical role in the formation of AGS and the PN in EPS was the major contributor to promoting the formation of AGS and enhance its aggregation performance. This research could further understand the role of various forms of EPS and its components in the process of sludge granulation, reveal the sludge granulation mechanism, and provide theoretical support for the rapid start-up of AGS reactor.

Marginal adaptation and mechanical strength of endocrowns with different materials and tooth prepration design: a review / 口腔疾病防治

@#The endocrown, a modified overlay or crown, is considered to have the advantages of adhesive retention and mechanical retention. Marginal adaptation and mechanical strength are common criteria for evaluating endocrowns. This review studied these aspects of endocrowns to guide further clinical application. Results from previous academic studies indicate that endocrowns made of different materials, such as glass-based ceramics, zirconia-based ceramics and resin-based ceramics, exhibit clinically acceptable marginal adaptation. Zirconia is a common dental material, but when used in endocrowns, it tends to present a risk of irreparable tooth root fractures. Compared with products manufactured with zirconia, endocrowns manufactured with resin-based ceramics and glass-based ceramics, such as lithium disilicate ceramics, do not tend to cause irreparable results, such as tooth root fracture, but their mechanical strengths are not as good as those of zirconia. At the same time, the tooth prepration design such as the types of endocrowns, the pulp chamber extension depth and angles, the endocrown thickness can influence the mechanical strength of endocrowns as well. Compared with traditional zirconia, self-glazed zirconia, a new type of material used to restore defective teeth, has the similar elasticity modulus（210 GPa）and better aesthetic advantages, and is suitable for short crown patients with insufficient occlusal space. Further study is warranted to improve the performance of endocrowns made from ceramic materials to prevent root fracture.

Digital Microfluidic Thermal Control Chip-Based Multichannel Immunosensor for Noninvasively Detecting Acute Myocardial Infarction.

Rapid and automated detection of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) at its developing stage is very important due to its high mortality rate. To quantitatively diagnose AMI, Myo, CK-MB, and cTnI are chosen as three biomarkers, which are usually detected through an immunosorbent assay, such as the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. However, the approach poses many drawbacks, such as long detection time, the cumbersome process, the need for professionals, and the difficulty of realizing automatic operation. Here, a multichannel digital microfluidic (DMF) thermal control chip integrated with a sandwich-based immunoassay strategy is proposed for the automated, rapid, and sensitive detection of AMI biomarkers. A miniaturized temperature control module is integrated on the back of the DMF chip, meeting the temperature requirement for the immunoassay. With this DMF thermal control chip, sample and reagent consumption are reduced to several microliters, significantly alleviating reagent consumption and sample dependence, and the automated and multichannel detection of biomarkers can be achieved. In this work, the simultaneously noninvasive detection of the human serum sample containing the three biomarkers of AMI is also achieved within 30 min, which improves the diagnostic accuracy of AMI. Due to the features of automation and miniaturization, the multichannel immunosensor can be used in community hospitals to increase the speed of diagnosis of patients with various acute diseases.

Effect of EPS and its forms of aerobic granular sludge on sludge aggregation performance during granulation process based on XDLVO theory.

Different forms of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) play different roles in the formation process of aerobic granular sludge (AGS). This work focused on the contribution of loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS), tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) and EPS to the aggregation between sludge cells during the start-up of aerobic granular sludge in a sequencing batch reactor. By analyzing the changes of sludge surface characteristics before and after the extraction of each layer of EPS, the contribution of LB-EPS, TB-EPS and EPS to the adhesion and aggregation of sludge cells in the granulation was calculated by surface thermodynamics and the extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (XDLVO) theory. The experimental results showed that AGS reactor basically completed the granulation process and kept stable operation within 40 d. In the process of sludge granulation, the effect of LB-EPS on the aggregation of sludge cells shifted from attraction to repulsion. TB-EPS could improve the surface zeta potential and hydrophobicity and show an attractive effect in the granulation process, which was conducive to the adhesion between sludge cells and was the main contributor to the formation of granules. Additionally, EPS played an apparently positive role in sludge flocculation and could promoted cell aggregation in the whole granulation process.

Current Status, Diagnosis, and Treatment Recommendation for Tic Disorders in China.

Tic disorders (TD) are a group neuropsychiatric disorders with childhood onset characterized by tics, i.e. repetitive, sudden, and involuntary movements or vocalizations; and Tourette syndrome (TS) is the most severe form of TD. Their clinical manifestations are diverse; and are often associated with various psychopathological and/or behavioral comorbidities, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders. Individual severity and response to treatment are highly variable, and there are some refractory cases, which are less responsive to conventional TD treatment. TD/TS are also common in the Chinese pediatric population. To help improve the understanding of TD for pediatricians and other health professionals, and to improve its diagnosis and treatment in China, the Chinese Child Neurology Society (CCNS) has developed an Expert Consensus on Diagnosis and Treatment of TD in China, which is based on our clinical experience and the availability therapeutic avenues. It is focused on clinical diagnosis and evaluation of TD and its comorbidities, psychological and educational intervention, nonpharmacological therapy, pharmacological treatment, including traditional Chinese medicine and acupuncture, as well as prognosis in children with TD in China. A summary of the current status of TD and up-to-date diagnosis and treatment recommendations for TD in China is presented here.

Differential Lysis Approach Enables Selective Extraction of Taxon-Specific Proteins for Gut Metaproteomics.

Changes in microbiome composition and function have been linked to human health and diseases. Metaproteomics provides invaluable functional information on the state of a microbiome. However, lower-abundance bacteria in complex microbiomes are difficult to observe by metaproteomics. In this study, stepwise differential lysis protocols were developed for human stool microbiomes to separate different microbial species and to increase the depth of metaproteomic measurements. We achieved differential lysis of Gram-positive (G+) and Gram-negative (G-) bacteria, selective enrichment of specific bacteria, and functional enrichment by our stepwise differential lysis protocols. Therefore, differential lysis can serve as a fractionation method to reduce sample complexity and selectively extract proteins from specific taxa for deep metaproteomic studies.

Sorbent and solvent co-enhanced direct analysis in real time-mass spectrometry for high-throughput determination of trace pollutants in water.

A sorbent and solvent co-enhanced direct analysis in real-time mass spectrometry (SSE-DART-MS) method was developed for high-throughput determination of trace pollutants in water. The use of sorbent for preconcentration and solvents for assisting desorption and ionization synergistically enhanced the signals from the trace pollutants detected by DART-MS. Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) were used as model analytes to validate the SSE-DART-MS method. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4)-based materials with two morphologies and six organic solvents were used to systematically evaluate the enhancement effect by the sorbent and solvent. A better analytical performance was achieved with the two-dimensional (2D) g-C3N4, compared to three-dimensional (3D) g-C3N4/C, indicating that the morphologies of sorbents played a key role in SSE-DART-MS analysis. The MS signals of all the analytes were increased by 10-100 times for the two materials in the presence of the selected solvents. With the SSE-DART-MS method, concentration limits of detection for water samples in the range 0.07-0.94 ng L-1, and recovery in the range 82.8-119% using g-C3N4, were obtained for the PAEs. This work not only provides a reliable method for the coupling of solid phase extraction technique with DART-MS, but also presents valuable information for conducting other DART-MS analyses.

Rutin, γ-Aminobutyric Acid, Gallic Acid, and Caffeine Negatively Affect the Sweet-Mellow Taste of Congou Black Tea Infusions.

The sweet-mellow taste sensation is a unique and typical feature of premium congou black tea infusions. To explore the key taste-active compounds that influence the sweet-mellow taste, a sensory and molecular characterization was performed on thirty-three congou black tea infusions presenting different taste qualities, including the sweet-mellow, mellow-pure, or less-mellow taste. An integrated application of quantitative analysis of 48 taste-active compounds, taste contribution analysis, and further validation by taste supplementation experiments, combined with human sensory evaluation revealed that caffeine, γ-aminobutyric acid, rutin, succinic acid, citric acid, and gallic acid negatively affect the sweet-mellow taste, whereas glucose, sucrose, and ornithine positively contribute to the sweet-mellow taste of congou black tea infusions. Particularly, rutin, γ-aminobutyric acid, gallic acid, and caffeine, which impart the major inhibitory effect to the manifestation of the sweet-mellow taste, were identified as the key influencing components through stepwise screening and validation experiments. A modest level of these compounds was found to be favorable for the development and manifestation of the sweet-mellow taste. These compounds might potentially serve as the regulatory targets for oriented-manufacturing of high-quality sweet-mellow congou black tea.

Possible roles of exosomal miRNAs in the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus.

The etiology and pathogenesis of oral lichen planus have not achieved a consensus yet. This study aimed to explore the possible roles of exosomal miRNAs in the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus. Bioactive components from exosomes regulate intercellular communications that may be closely related to the occurrence and development of diseases, including oral lichen planus. Further, exosomes are expected to be a biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of oral lichen planus. In this study, new advanced views about the biological characteristics, clinical significance, and involvement of exosomes in oral lichen planus were reviewed.

Dispersive Magnetic Solid-Phase Extraction Coupled to Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometry for High-Throughput Analysis of Trace Environmental Contaminants.

Coupling dispersive magnetic solid-phase extraction (DMSPE) to direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS) with a newly developed metal iron probe enables high-throughput, sensitive detection of herbicides such as triazine in environmental waters. Magnetic graphene oxide was used as a dispersive sorbent because it increased adsorption capacity in the DMSPE process. The planar structure and excellent thermal conductivity of graphene oxide facilitated the desorption and ionization of target analytes in DART-MS analysis. The iron probe, which is designed to fit into the moving trail of the DART interface, served as the sorbent collector as well as the support for the magnetic graphene oxide after DMSPE, and was put directly into the DART system. The ratio of magnetic core to graphene oxide in the nanoparticles and other key parameters in DMSPE and DART-MS procedures were systematically investigated and optimized. In addition, the presence of water on the sorbent proves to have a significant effect on DART-MS analysis. No organic solvents are used in this method, and the reusable iron probe is of low cost. Under the optimal conditions, limits of detection were found in the range of 1.6-152.1 ng/L for the triazines. Recovery and reproducibility were found to be in the ranges of 87.5-115.0% and 1.9-10.2%, respectively, for the six herbicides studied. The analytical performance of the DMSPE-DART-MS method indicated that applications for trace analysis of other compounds in liquid samples are also possible.

Effect of microbial inoculation on physicochemical properties and bacterial community structure of citrus peel composting.

In this study, microorganisms were inoculated during citrus peel composting for citrus waste recycling and valorisation. The physicochemical properties and the bacterial community structure of citrus peel composting inoculated microorganism were studied. The thermophilic stage of pilot-scale composting (T2) was 20 days longer than lab-scale composting (T1). C/N, organic matter, moisture, pectin and cellulose content decreased along with composing process, but the pH, soluble protein and total nutrient showed an opposite trend. The inoculation improved the richness and diversity of the bacterial community and the diversity index reached maximum on 21 days. As composting progress, Bacillus, Sphingobacterium and Saccharomonospora in inoculum became the dominant genus. Redundancy analysis showed that C/N, pectin degradation rate and temperature could explain 30.1%, 24.9% and 15.6% of the variation in bacterial genera, respectively.

Effects of Low Temperature at Booting Stage on Sucrose Metabolism and Endogenous Hormone Contents in Winter Wheat Spikelet.

Low spring temperatures often occur during the winter wheat booting stage, when the young ears are very sensitive to cold. In this study, we used two wheat varieties differing in cold sensitivity (sensitive variety Yangmai 18 and tolerant variety Yannong 19) to examine the effect of low temperature on wheat grain number at booting stage. Low temperature stress was simulated in an artificial climate chamber at 4°C for 60 h in 2016 and at 2, 0, or -2°C for 24 h in morphological assays, showing that the development of wheat spikelets was inhibited and floret growth was delayed following low temperature stress. However, an increase in the sucrose content of young panicles was also observed, and the activity of enzymes involved in sucrose metabolism was dynamically altered. Sucrose phosphate synthase activity was enhanced, and sucrose synthase activity significantly increased after treatment at 4 and 2°C, respectively. However, activities of sucrose synthase and invertase decreased with a reduction in temperature. Gene expression assays further revealed downregulation of TaSuS1 expression and upregulation of TaSuS2, while expression of CWINV was inhibited. Moreover, phytohormone content assays showed an increase in the content of abscisic acid in young wheat ears, but a decrease in the content of auxin and gibberellins. The grain number per spike and 1000-grain weight also showed a downward trend following low temperature stress. Overall, these findings suggest that low temperature at booting induces abscisic acid accumulation in winter wheat, altering the activity of the enzymes involved in sucrose metabolism, which leads to an accumulation of sucrose in the young ears, thereby having a negative effect on wheat production.

Solvent-free high-throughput analysis of herbicides in environmental water.

A high throughput, and eco-friendly method based on solid-phase microextraction (SPME) combined with direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS) was established for the determination of trace pollutants in water. A laboratory-made SPME device coated with a metal organic framework (MIL-100 (M)) was fabricated for the on-site enrichment of triazine herbicides in environmental water, and the device was directly subjected to DART ionization (<20 s) for high resolution MS. The interactions between the target analytes and sorbents were investigated to improve the SPME device targeting specific pollutants, as well as to improve the desorption and ionization processes with DART-MS. Other factors were also systematically studied to obtain the optimal conditions, including pH, salinity, extraction temperature, pressure at the Vapur® interface, linear rail moving speed, gas temperature, extraction time, and sample volume. The limit of detection of target compounds were 5.0-50.0 ng L-1 and the recoveries ranged from of 92.4%-125.7%.

Protocol and Guidelines for Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound in Diagnosing Neonatal Pulmonary Diseases Based on International Expert Consensus.

Ultrasound is a safe bedside imaging tool that obviates the use of ionizing radiation diagnostic procedures. Due to its convenience, the lung ultrasound has received increasing attention from neonatal physicians. Nevertheless, clear reference standards and guideline limits are needed for accurate application of this diagnostic modality. This document aims to summarize expert opinions and to provide precise guidance to help facilitate the use of the lung ultrasound in the diagnosis of neonatal lung diseases.

Degradation of cefradine in alga-containing water environment: a mechanism and kinetic study.

Large quantities of antibiotics are manufactured, used, and eventually discharged into alga-containing water environment as prototypes, by-products, or transformation products. Different activities of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii toward cefradine (CFD) were studied, and the results indicated that CFD is resistant (removal rate of 5.45-14.72%) in simulated natural water environment. Cefradine was mainly removed by hydrolysis, adsorption, desorption, photodecarboxylation, and photoisomerization. The effects of C. reinhardtii density, initial solution pH, and different light sources on CFD removal efficiency were investigated. The optimum conditions occurred at a density of algae 10 × 104 cells/mL, a solution pH of 9.0, and the ultraviolet (UV) light. Additionally, the removal kinetics under 16 different conditions was explored. The results showed that the removal of CFD fits well with a pseudo-first-order kinetic, and the half-life times are from 0.8 to 261.6 days. This study summarizes the CFD removal mechanisms in alga-containing water environment, highlights the important role played by light irradiation in eliminating CFD, and obtains the important kinetic data on CFD removal.